Year+12+Human+Biology+Programme



KELMSCOTT SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL ** 3AB HUMAN BIOLOGY PROGRAMME ** ** 2012 **  Week beginning CC, Syllabus, Assessment Outline, Course outline, Expectations and requirements Review basic structure and function of the cell, esp. nucleus, mitochondria. Concentrate on the cells needs and the supply of same. ||  ||   ||   || Types of investigations Scientific method Planning an investigation || 1-8 || Ch 1. RQ 1-10 ||  || Analysing results Case studies || 9-18 || Ch 1. RQ 11-12 AYK 1-7 ||  || · the reflex arc including components and their functions in the transmission of messages. || Reflexes || 85-91 || Ch 6 RQ 13-15 AYK 3-7 Act 6.1 Reflexes p91 STAWA Act 23- Reflexes and reactions p 178 ||  || · the reflex arc including components and their functions in the transmission of messages. · || Reflexes investigation ||   ||   || Inv 2: Reflexes Experiment || · role of cell membrane structure and function in active transport and as a receptor · DNA controls the production of cellular materials. || Review of modes or internal transport. Review of DNA function. Cellular activities requiring control · metabolism · supply of nutrients · removal of wastes || 21-27 || Ch 2. RQ 1-7 AYK 1-2 Act 2.1 ‘A model membrane’ p 31 ||  || · role of cell membrane structure and function in active transport and as a receptor · DNA controls the production of cellular materials. || Enzymes and cellular activities Factors affecting enzymes Changes in metabolism || Pp28-31 || Ch 2. RQ 8-10 AYK 3-5 ||  || · brain (cerebrum, cerebellum, meninges, medulla oblongata, hypothalamus), spinal cord · afferent and efferent systems · structure of motor, sensory and inter-neurons || Overview of CNS and PNS Diagramatic representation of the human nervous system HNS ||  ||   ||   ||   ||
 * ** Sem 1 ** || ** Syllabus reference ** || **Content** || **Text Ref** || **Activities** || **Assessment** ||
 * 1 ||  || ** Introduction: **
 * The Cell: **
 * 2 ||  || ** Investigating scientifically **
 * 3 ||  || ** Investigating scientifically **
 * 4 || ** Central and Peripheral nervous System: **
 * 5 || ** Central and Peripheral nervous System: **
 * 6 || ** Cellular Activities: **
 * 7 || ** Cellular Activities: **
 * ** Sem 1 ** || ** Syllabus reference ** || **Content** || **Text Ref** || **Activities** || **Assessment** ||
 * 8 || ** Central and Peripheral nervous System: **
 * || [[image:file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ki/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image001.gif width="29" height="14"]] ||  || [[image:file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ki/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image002.gif width="22" height="14"]] ||

PNS CNS Etc.. Introduce diagram of the motor, sensory and inter neuron – labeling Cell body, dendrites, axon, Schwann cells, Myelin Sheath, Neurilemma, end plate (Neuromuscular Junctions) Protection of the NS -Bone, Meninges, CSF RQ 1-4 AYK 1 Labelling Neuron exercise ||  || · brain (cerebrum, cerebellum, meninges, medulla oblongata, hypothalamus), spinal cord || Brain structure and function The Cerebrum -Sensory -Motor -Association Cerebellum Hypothalamus Medulla || Pp 66-71 || Ch 5. RQ 5-9 AYK 2-3 Act 5.1 ‘Dissect a sheeps brain’ p 77 STAWA Act 22- The Brain p 171 Human Body DVD- Brain ||  || · brain (cerebrum, cerebellum, meninges, medulla oblongata, hypothalamus), spinal cord || Brain structure and function Spinal Cord Control of movement Balance || Pp72-74 || Ch 5. RQ 10-14 AYK 4-8 Using a video or model brain students take notes on the function ||  || · the reflex arc including components and their functions in the transmission of messages. || Label and show the direction of a reflex arc Neurons -Sensory -Motor -Interneurons +Multi polar +Bipolar +Unipolar || Pp80-85 || Ch 6. RQ 1-12 AYK 1-2 ||  || · transmission of nerve impulses—generation and propagation · control of movement and balance—areas and types of motor control of the body in the cerebrum and cerebellum || Axons, Action Potentials and Synapses Action Potentials: axon structure and ion inbalance Saltatory Conduction and Synapses Continuous vs Saltatory conduction How does an impulse pass from one neuron to another? Structure of synapse Neurotransmitters Effect chemicals on Nerve propagation || Pp94-99 || Ch 7. RQ 1-6 AYK 1-4 STAWA Act 1- Cell Receptors p 12 ||  ||
 * Neuron structure: **
 * Pp 62-65 || Ch 5.
 * 9 || ** Central and Peripheral nervous System: **
 * 10 || ** Central and Peripheral nervous System: **
 * 11 || ** Central and Peripheral nervous System: **
 * 12 || ** Central and Peripheral nervous System: **

· overview of divisions of the nervous system · divisions of the Autonomic NS and their effect on various body organs. || AUTONOMIC: Sympathetic - motor neurons to effector Parasympathetic - motor neurons to effector || 100-104 || Ch 7. RQ 6-11 ||  || · relationship of the Autonomic NS to the body’s nervous system || Pupil dilation Increase in digestive activity || 106 || Act 7.1 ‘An Autonomic reflex’ p105 ||  || · divisions of the Autonomic NS and their effect on various body organs. ||  || 100-104 || Ch 7. AYK 5-9 ||  || · divisions of the Autonomic NS and their effect on various body organs. || Test 1: Cells, Central and Peripheral Nervous system & Autonomic Nervous System ||  || Take test || Test 1: Cells, Central and Peripheral Nervous system & Autonomic Nervous System || · feedback loops involving endocrine activity · || Feedback loops || 43-49 || Ch 4. RQ 1-2 ||  || · relationship between the hypothalamus and pituitary . || Endocrine glands, hormones and functions Hypothalamus Pituitary -Anterior Pituitary + Gonadatrophins- FSH -LH +Growth Hormone +TSH +ACTH -Posterior Pituitary +Oxytocin +ADH || 49-51 || Ch 4. RQ 3-10 STAWA Act 8- Endocrines- When things go wrong p 54 Complete a map showing the source of different hormones ||  || · types and location of endocrine glands · production site, target organ and effect of various hormones || ** Pineal ** -Thyroxine -Parathyroid Hormone -Thymosin -Adrenaline -Noradrenaline -Aldosterone -Cortisol -Insulin -Glucagon -Androgens -Progesterone -Oestrogen || 52-57 || Ch 4. RQ 11 AYK 1-4 Act 4.1 p 59 || === === || · hormonal modes of action. ||  || 52-57 || Ch 4. AYK 5-7 Act 4.2 p59 ||  || · speed, duration, transmission and specificity. ||  || 104-105 || Ch 7. RQ 12-13 ||  || · components of a stimulus-response feedback model || Stimulus Response The feedback system -positive feedback -negative feedback Equilibrium/ Steady state control || 109-111 || Ch 8. RQ 1-4 STAWA Act 2; INTRODUCTION TO HOMESTASIS parts B & C p20 ||  || · homeostatic mechanisms that control § body temperature || Thermoregulation Heat production Temperature Receptors Shivering and sweating || 112-118 || Ch 8. RQ 6-9 AYK 1-4 Act 8.1 p126 Act 8.2 p126 STAWA Act 5; Temperature control. P 37 || Inv 2: Thermoregulation || · homeostatic mechanisms that control body temperature || Inv 2: Thermoregulation ||   || Thermoregulation experiment ||   || · homeostatic mechanisms that control body temperature || Inv 2: Thermoregulation ||   || Thermoregulation experiment ||   || · homeostatic mechanisms that control § body fluid composition. || The Thirst Reflex Conditions causing thirst Receptor/Modulator - Hypothalamus Fluid balance Excretion and the kidney Dehydration and water intoxication || 118-125 || Ch 8. RQ 10-14 AYK 5-12 Act 8.3 p127 (If this is done it can only be done for homework.) STAWA Act 3- Nephron structure and function p 26 STAWA Act 4- Water balance p 33 ||  || · homeostatic mechanisms that control § blood sugar || Liver -Glycogen Pancreas -Insulin Adrenal glands -Cortisol || 131-136 || Ch 9. RQ 1-5 AYK 1-2 ||  || · homeostatic mechanisms that control § gas concentrations || Control of breathing -Medulla Hyperventilation || 136-140 || Ch 9. RQ 6-7 AYK 3-4, 8 STAWA Act 7- Control of breathing p 50 || || · homeostatic mechanisms that control § blood pressure || Control of Heart rate and blood pressure -Cardiovascular regulation Factors influencing stroke volume -length of diastole -venous return -activity of sympathetic NS Factors affecting heart rate -Age, Sex, emotional state || 140-147 || Ch 9. RQ 8-12 AYK 6-7, 9 Act 9.2 p 149 ||  || · causes of disruption || Diabetes -Type I -Type II  Hyperthyroidism Hypothyroidism || 152-155 || Ch 10. RQ 1-5 AYK 1-5 Act 10.1 p 165 Act 10.2 p 165 STAWA Act 6- Control of diabetes ||  || · hormonal //e.g. insulin—diabetes// · behavioural //e.g. drugs, excessive activity, eating habits// · disease //e.g. emphysema// || Disruption to homeostasis -Behavioural +Drugs +Activity +Eating habits -Diseases +Emphysema +Fever +Hypertension || 155-160 || Ch 10. RQ 6-10 AYK 6-8 ||  || · Physiological and behavioural mechanisms that influence the maintenance of homeostasis of the above conditions. · treatments for disruption of homeostasis. || Treatment of disruptions to homeostasis -Menopause à HRT -Rheumatoid Arthritis à Corticosteroids Control of reproduction Control of infertility Ethical considerations of treatment || 160-164 || Ch 10. RQ 11-13 AYK 6-7 ||  || · macroscopic including the types, locations and resulting movements || Muscle Types · Skeletal · Smooth/Involuntary · Cadiac Contraction/ relaxation The action of tendons || 209-212 || Examine muscle specimens to determine macroscopic features. Label diagrams Summarise functions, types and movements involved Ch 13. RQ 1-4 AYK 2-5 Act 13.1 p 219 ||  || · molecular including actin and myosin || Myofibrils Sliding filament theory -Actin -Myosin -Sarcomeres || 213-214 || View slides to see myofibril structure Ch 13. RQ 5-8 AYK 6 ||  || · innervation of muscular contraction. || Control of muscle contraction Neuromuscular junctions Neuromuscular Junctions How action potentials cause muscular contraction || 215-216 || Ch 13. RQ 9-11 AYK 7 STAWA Act 28- Muscle movement p 217 ||  || · sliding filament theory of contraction. || Coordination of the nervous, skeletal and muscular systems || 217-219 || Ch 13. AYK 1, 8-10 Act 13.2 p 220 || || · macro and microscopic structure of bone and cartilage || Microstructure of bone and cartilage -diaphysis -epiphysis -spongy bone -compact bone -bone marrow || 189-192 || Ch 12 RQ 1-4 AYK 1-2 Act 12.2; A long bone p204 STAWA Act 26- Bones and osteoporosis p201 ||  || · macro and microscopic structure of bone and cartilage || The skeleton Axial- skull -vertebral column -ribs -sternum Appendicular- shoulder girdle - upper limbs - lower limbs - pelvic girdle || 193-196 || Ch 12 RQ 5-6 AYK 3-4 Act 12.1; The human skeleton p203 ||  || · structure and functionality of major joint types Including ball and socket, hinge, pivot, gliding, immovable. || Types and location of different joints Fixed/fibrous Slightly moveable/cartilaginous Synovial/ freely moveable - Saddle - Ball and socket - Hinge || 197-199 || Ch 12 RQ 7-10 AYK 5-7 Act 12.4; Where the bones meet p205 ||  || · structure and functionality of major joint types Including ball and socket, hinge, pivot, gliding, immovable. || Structure of a synovial joint - Capsule - Synovial fluid - Articular cartilage - Bursae - Accessory ligaments Range of motion associated with different joints - Flexion - Extension - Abduction - Adduction - Rotation || 200-202 || Ch 12 RQ 11-14 AYK 8-10 Chicken wing dissection STAWA Act 27- Joints and arthritis p 207 ||  || · mechanical: § external //e.g. supports, bionic limbs// § internal //e.g. artificial joints// //and physiotherapy// · chemical: § dietary supplements § pharmaceuticals //e.g. anti-inflammatories// || Mobility aids Artificial limbs Artificial joints Cochlea implants Pacemakers Dietary supplements Fortified foods Pharmaceuticals - analgesics - anti-inflammatory - stains - antibiotics Drugs for Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. Delivery of drugs Pharmacogenomics and pharmacogenetics || 345-349 || Ch 20 RQ 1-11 AYK 1-7 Act 20.1 Medical Technologies p 362 Guest speaker STAWA Act 29- Ageing p 222 Act 20.3 Researching for mighty Pharm. P 364 ||  || · biological: § tissue regeneration § grafting and transplantations. || Stem cells, transplants, skin grafts - Tissue regeneration - Spray on skin - Stem cells - Transplants - Grafts - Physiotherapy - Euthanasia - Quality of life || 356-361 || Ch 20 RQ 12-17 AYK 8-10 Act 20.2; British girl chooses to die. P363 STAWA Act 30- Tissue Engineering p233 ||  || · role of B cells, T cells, memory cells and plasma cells ||  - Review inflammatory response - Lymphocytes, macrophages and specific defence. - Antigens and atibodies || 170-173 || Ch11 RQ 1-5 ||  || · role of B cells, T cells, memory cells and plasma cells || - Lymphocytes, antigen, antibodies, Tonsils, Adenoids and Thymus, Spleen - Drainage routes of lymphatic system Lymphocytes - B - Cells T - Cells || **170-173** || Ch11 RQ 1-5 || Response 2: The structure of bone. || · antibody and cell-mediated defence  || B - Lymphocytes and Humoral Immunity - Plasma Cells - Memory Cells || **170-173** || Ch11 RQ 1-5 ||
 * ** Sem 1 ** || ** Syllabus reference ** || **Content** || **Text Ref** || **Activities** || ** Assessment ** ||
 * 13 || Autonomic nervous system:
 * 14 || Autonomic nervous system:
 * 15 || Autonomic nervous system:
 * 16 || Autonomic nervous system:
 * 17 || Endocrine system:
 * 18 || Endocrine system:
 * 19 || Endocrine system:
 * Thyroid **
 * Parathyroid **
 * Thymus **
 * Adrenal Medulla **
 * Adrenal Cortex **
 * Pancreas **
 * Testes **
 * Ovaries **
 * ** Sem 1 ** || ** Syllabus reference ** || **Content** || **Text Ref** || **Activities** || ** Assessment ** ||
 * 20 || Endocrine system:
 * 21 || Comparison of hormones and nerves in terms of:
 * 22 || Homeostasis by feedback systems:
 * 23 || Homeostasis by feedback systems:
 * 24 || Homeostasis by feedback systems:
 * 25 || Homeostasis by feedback systems:
 * 26 || Homeostasis by feedback systems:
 * 27 || Homeostasis by feedback systems:
 * 28 || Homeostasis by feedback systems:
 * ** Sem 1 ** || ** Syllabus reference ** || **Content** || **Text Ref** || **Activities** || ** Assessment ** ||
 * 29 || Homeostasis by feedback systems:
 * 30 || Disruption of homeostasis:
 * 31 || Disruption of homeostasis:
 * 32 || Homeostasis by feedback systems:
 * 33 ||  || Response 1: Extended answer question ||   || Write in class essay answer || Response 1: Extended answer question ||
 * 34 || Muscles—structure and function related to:
 * 35 || Muscles—structure and function related to:
 * ** Sem 1 ** || ** Syllabus reference ** || **Content** || **Text Ref** || **Activities** || ** Assessment ** ||
 * 36 || Muscles—structure and function related to:
 * 37 || Muscles—structure and function related to:
 * 38 ||  || Test 2; Endocrine system and homeostasis ||   || Write test || Test 2; Endocrine system and homeostasis ||
 * 39 || Skeleton—structure and function related to:
 * 40 || Skeleton—structure and function related to:
 * 41 || Skeleton—structure and function related to:
 * 42 || Skeleton—structure and function related to:
 * ** Sem 1 ** || ** Syllabus reference ** || **Content** || **Text Ref** || **Activities** || ** Assessment ** ||
 * 43 || Medical technologies related to support for trauma recovery and changing function of the musculoskeletal and nervous systems caused by ageing: including osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.
 * 44 || Medical technologies related to support for trauma recovery and changing function of the musculoskeletal and nervous systems caused by ageing: including osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.
 * 45 || Specific resistance:
 * 46 || Specific resistance:
 * 47 || Specific resistance:

|| · antibody and cell-mediated defence  || T - Lymphocytes and Cell Mediated Immunity - T - Memory ] - T - Helper ] Lymphocytes - T - Suppressor ] or cells - T - Killer Antibody mediated immunity || 173-176 || Ch 11 RQ 6-10 ||  || · primary and secondary immune response · passive and active immunity || Types of immunity - Passive - Active || 177 || Ch 11 RQ 11-12 ||  || · natural and artificial immunity || Vaccinations || 178-182 || Ch 11 RQ 13-14 Act 11.1 A briefing paper p 184 AYK 1-3Act 11.3 Supporting immunization programs p 185 ||  || · role of antibiotics and antivirals. || Antibiotics and antivirals  || 353 || Ch 11 AYK 4-6 || ==== ==== || · role of B cells, T cells, memory cells and plasma cells · antibody and cell-mediated defence · primary and secondary immune response · passive and active immunity · natural and artificial immunity · antibiotics and antivirals || Risks and ethical concerns of vaccinations || 182-184 || Ch 11 AYK 7-9 Act 11.2 Should animal testing be used to make vaccines p 184 Act 11.4 Keeping Australia free from communicable diseases p 185 || ====== ====== || · transcription || Protein synthesis The genetic code Transcription RNA polymerase mRNA || 34-36 || Ch 3 RQ 1-4 AYK 1-2 http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/ ||  || · translation || Translations tRNA Anticodons || 37-38 || Ch 3 RQ 5-6 AYK 3-5 ||  || · protein synthesis (details of each process required). || Protein Synthesis || 38-39 || Act 3.1 Transcribe and translate a gene p 42 STAWA Act13- Protein synthesis and mutations p 87 ||  || · protein synthesis (details of each process required). || Protein structure - Primary - Secondary - Tertiary - Quaternary Packaging of proteins Lipid and carbohydrate synthesis || 40-41 || Ch 3 RQ 7-8 AYK 6-7 ||  || · cellular control of gene expression including regulator, operator and promoter genes. Modes of inheritance and variation: · . role of epigenetics. || Mechanisms of gene expression - Promoter - Operator gene - Operon - Regulator gene Epigenetics || 235-237 || Ch 14 RQ 8-10 AYK 7-8 STAWA Act 14- Epigenetics and gene expression p97 ||  || · multi-allelic (polymorphic) inheritance || Principle of independent assortment Multi-allelic independent assortment || 226-231 || Ch 14 RQ 1-4 AYK 1-3 STAWA Act 16- Multiallelic inheritance p117 ||  || · polygenic inheritance (no dihybrid crosses) || Polygenic inheritance - Skin Colour || 231-232 || Ch14 RQ 5 AYK 4 Act 14.1 Polygenic inheritance STAWA Act 15- Polygenic inheritance p105 ||  || · the effect of the environment on gene expression //e.g. effect of UV light exposure on melanin production and effect of diet on adipose tissue// || Melanin production. UV increases the amount of melanocytes and melanin receptors Diet and its affects on adipose tissue || 233-234 || Ch 14 RQ 6-7 AYK 5-7 ||  || · identification of hereditary diseases by   · DNA sequencing  || Human genome Identification of inherited diseases DNA sequencing || 367-370 || Ch 21 RQ 1-4 AYK 1-4 STAWA Act 11- Human genome project p 78 ||  || · PCR (polymerase chain reaction) · profiling techniques || Profiling techniques Gene probes || 370-373 || Ch 21 RQ 5-7 AYK 5-7 STAWA Act 10- DNA profiling p 58 ||  || · genetic probes || Genetic engineering Recombinant DNA technology || 373-376 || Ch 21 RQ 8-11 AYK 8-10 STAWA Act 12- PCR Polymerase Chain Reaction p 83 ||  || · identification of hereditary diseases by   · DNA sequencing · profiling techniques · PCR (polymerase chain reaction) · genetic probes || Extraction of DNA to then amplify in a mock PCR activity ||   || Biotech in a box activity Or Utah genetics simulation || Inv 3; Processing of DNA || · identification of hereditary diseases by   · DNA sequencing · profiling techniques · PCR (polymerase chain reaction) · genetic probes || Processing of DNA isolated by PCR using Gel electrophoresis ||  || Biotech in a box activity Or Utah genetics simulation ||   || · identification of hereditary diseases by   · DNA sequencing · profiling techniques · PCR (polymerase chain reaction) · genetic probes || Processing the results of gel electrophoresis ||   || Biotech in a box activity Or Utah genetics simulation ||   || · production of human proteins, hormones and vaccines by DNA recombinant techniques (including restriction and ligase enzymes//) e.g. to produce insulin, Human Growth Hormone, Factor VIII// || Examples of the use of Recombinant DNA techniques - Insulin - Factor VIII - Vaccines || 377-379 || Ch 21 RQ 12-13 AYK 10-11 || === === || · production of human proteins, hormones and vaccines by DNA recombinant techniques (including restriction and ligase enzymes//) e.g. to produce insulin, Human Growth Hormone, Factor VIII// || Restriction enzymes ||  || Act 21.1 Restriction enzymes p 383 ||   || · treatment of genetic disorders by gene therapy //e.g. cystic fibrosis// || Somatic vs germ line gene therapy. The use of plasmid vectors in gene therapy. - Cystic Fibrosis - Huntingtons Disease Risks, benefits and future implications || 380-381 || Ch 21 RQ 14 AYK 12 Video STAWA Act 9- Transgenics and gene therapy ||  || · cell replacement therapy and tissue engineering by the cloning of stem cells //e.g. repair of injured tissues, treating degenerative nerve diseases.// || Cell replacement therapy and tissue engineering || 381-383 || Ch 21 RQ 15-16 AYK 13 ||  || · changes in allele frequencies due to: § mutation § natural selection || Mutation Natural selection || 241-242 || Ch 15 RQ 1-2 Act 15.3 Modelling Natural Selection p258 STAWA Act 18- Gene pools p 133 ||  || · changes in allele frequencies due to: § random genetic drift including Founder effect § migration || Random genetic drift Migration || 242-246 || Ch 15 RQ 3-5 Act 15.1 A model of genetic drift p 256 ||  || · changes in allele frequencies due to: § barriers to gene flow //e.g. geographical and cultural// || Barriers to gene flow || 246-247 || Ch 15 RQ 6-7 AYK 1-4 ||  || § incidence of genetic diseases in various populations //e.g. Tay-Sachs disease.// || Tay Sachs Sickle-Cell Anaemia || 247-248 || Ch 15 RQ 8 AYK 5-6 Act 15.2 Sickle-Cell haemoglobin p257 ||  || · Theory of evolution by natural selection. || Darwins journey 1. Variation 2. Birthrate 3. Natures balance || 248-250 || Ch 15 RQ 9-13 AYK 7-8 ||  || · Theory of evolution by natural selection. || Natural selection in humans - Thermoregulation - Malaria 1. Variation 2. Isolation 3. Selection 4. Speciation || 251-256 || Ch 15 RQ 14-15 AYK 9-11 ||  || · comparative studies of DNA, protein sequences, anatomy including embryology, homologous structures and vestigial organs || DNA Mitochondrial DNA Protein Sequences || 263-267 || Ch 16 RQ 1-5 AYK 1-6 Act 16.1 Amino Acid sequencing p275 STAWA Act 21- Evidence for evolution- molecular biology p166 ||  || · comparative studies of DNA, protein sequences, anatomy including embryology, homologous structures and vestigial organs || Embryology Homologous Structures Vestigial Feature || 268-272 || Ch 16 RQ 6-8 AYK 7-10 STAWA Act 20- Evidence for evolution- comparative anatomy p 156 ||  || · the fossil record: § fossil formation || Geographical Distribution || 273-275 || Ch 16 RQ 9-10 AYK 11 || Inv 4: Evidence for evolution || · the fossil record: · fossil formation || Fossil formation Discovery of fossils Dating of fossils || 279-281 || Ch 17 RQ 1-3 AYK 2-3,6 ||  || § absolute dating including C-14 dating || Absolute Dating - Potassium/Argon - Radiocarbon dating - Dendrochronolgy || 281-285 || Ch 17 RQ 6-8 Act 17.1 Radioisotopes Methods of dating p 287 ||  || § geological dating and its limitations § relative dating including stratigraphy, index fossils and fluorine dating § absolute dating including C-14 dating || Relative dating - Stratigraphy - Index fossils - Fluorine Dating || 285-287 || Ch17 RQ 6-8 ||  || · awareness of problems with the fossil record. || Geological time scale Problems in the fossil record || 287-289 || Ch 17 RQ 4-5, 12 AYK 7 Act 17.3 Evidence of human evolution p293 ||  || || Classification of primates Classification of humans || 297-300 || Ch 18 RQ 1 AYK 1 ||  || || Examples of primates Features of primates - body - limbs - hands - feet - eyes - smell - teeth - brain - reproduction || 301-302 || Ch 18 RQ 2 ||  || · mobility of the digits · teeth shape and dental arrangements. || Digits - pentadactyly - prehensile - opposability - friction ridges - claws/nails Teeth - Prognathism - Dentition || 302-306 || Ch 18 RQ 3-5 AYK 3,6 Act 18.2 Mobility of the human thumb p314 ||  || · olfactory/optic shift || Stereoscopic and colour vision || 307-308 || Ch 18 RQ 6-8 AYK 2,5,9 || || · relative size of the cerebral cortex || Cerebral cortex - Size - Convolutions || 308-310 || Ch 18 RQ 9 AYK 4 Act 18.3 A comparison of primate skulls p315 || ==== ==== || · gestation time and parental care || Gestation - Time between fertilization and birth || 310-312 || Ch 18 RQ10-12 AYK 7-8 Act 18.1 Living primates and trends in evolution p312 ||  || · bipedalism—feet, adaptations, hip and knee joints. · spine and pelvis shape. || Erect posture - Foramen magnum - Spine || 319-321 || Ch 19 RQ 1 AYK STAWA Act 31- Hominin adaptations- Upright stance p 244 STAWA Act 35- Hominin Evolutionary Trends- Bipedalism p 266 ||  || · bipedalism—feet, adaptations, hip and knee joints. · spine and pelvis shape. || Erect posture - jaw - pelvis - carrying angle - foot - Centre of gravity || 322-324 || Ch 19 RQ 2-6 AYK 1-3 Act 19.2 Upright stance and striding gait STAWA Act 25- Balance and posture p 193 ||  || · relative size of cerebral cortex || Cranium size and capacity Size and convolutions of cerebrum || 325-326 || Ch 19 RQ 7-8 AYK 4 Ch 19.1 Hominin skulls STAWA Act 32- Hominin Evolutionary trends- Brain and hands p 252 STAWA Act 34- Hominin evolutionary trends- Hominin and Pongid skulls p 262 || ==== ==== || · prognathism and dentition || Dental arch || 329-331 || Ch 19 RQ 9-10 AKY 5 || ====== ====== || · effects of environment on early hominin evolution || Effect of the environment - Australopithecine || 331-332 || Ch 19 RQ 11-12 AYK 6, 9 ||  || · effects of environment on early hominin evolution || Early homo Homo erectus || 333-335 || Ch 19 RQ 13 AYK 7-8 || || · significant cultural advances changing the importance of the environment in human evolution. || Neanderthals Modern humans || 336-337 || Ch 19 RQ 14 AYK 10-12 Act 19.3 Are humans unique Act 19. 4 Neanderthals and humans ||  ||
 * 48 || Specific resistance:
 * 49 || Specific resistance:
 * ** Sem 1 ** || ** Syllabus reference ** || **Content** || ** Text Ref ** || **Activities** || ** Assessment ** ||
 * 50 || Specific resistance:
 * 51 || Specific resistance:
 * 52 || Specific resistance:
 * 53 ||  || Test 3; Muscular and skeletal systems, medical technologies and specific resistance ||   ||   || Test 3; Muscular and skeletal systems, medical technologies and specific resistance ||
 * 54 ||  ||   ||   || Revision ||   ||
 * 55 || || || || Revision || ||
 * 56 ||  ||   ||   || Revision ||   ||
 * ** Sem 2 ** || ** Syllabus reference ** || **Content** || **Text Ref** || **Activities** || **Assessment** ||
 * 1 || DNA and RNA is involved in:
 * 2 || DNA and RNA is involved in:
 * 3 || DNA and RNA is involved in:
 * 4 || DNA and RNA is involved in:
 * 5 || DNA and RNA is involved in:
 * 6 || Gene expression:
 * 7 || Gene expression:
 * 8 || Modes of inheritance and variation:
 * 9 || Biotechnological techniques are being developed and used for a range of applications including:
 * ** Sem 2 ** || ** Syllabus reference ** || **Content** || **Text Ref** || **Activities** || **Assessment** ||
 * 10 || Biotechnological techniques are being developed and used for a range of applications including:
 * 11 || . Biotechnological techniques are being developed and used for a range of applications including:
 * 12 || Biotechnological techniques are being developed and used for a range of applications including:
 * 13 || Biotechnological techniques are being developed and used for a range of applications including:
 * 14 || Biotechnological techniques are being developed and used for a range of applications including:
 * 15 || Biotechnological techniques are being developed and used for a range of applications including:
 * 16 || Biotechnological techniques are being developed and used for a range of applications including:
 * ** Sem 2 ** || ** Syllabus reference ** || **Content** || **Text Ref** || **Activities** || **Assessment** ||
 * 17 || Biotechnological techniques are being developed and used for a range of applications including:
 * 18 || Biotechnological techniques are being developed and used for a range of applications including:
 * 19 ||  || Test 3; Protein sythesis, biotechnology and genetic engineering ||   || Write test || Test 3; Protein sythesis, biotechnology and genetic engineering ||
 * 20 || Gene pools:
 * 21 || Gene pools:
 * 22 || Gene pools:
 * 23 || Gene pools:
 * 24 ||  || Response 3; Natural selection questions ||   || Write questions in class under test conditions || Response 3; Natural selection questions ||
 * 25 || Speciation:
 * 26 || Speciation:
 * ** Sem 2 ** || ** Syllabus reference ** || **Content** || **Text Ref** || **Activities** || **Assessment** ||
 * 27 || Evidence for evolution:
 * 28 || Evidence for evolution:
 * 29 || Evidence for evolution:
 * 30 || Evidence for evolution:
 * 31 || Evidence for evolution:
 * 32 || Evidence for evolution:
 * 33 || Evidence for evolution:
 * 34 ||  || Test 5: Variation, Natural selection and Evolution ||   ||   || Test 5: Variation, Natural Selection and Evolution ||
 * 35 || Primate evolutionary trends:
 * 36 || Primate evolutionary trends:
 * ** Sem 2 ** || ** Syllabus reference ** || **Content** || **Text Ref** || **Activities** || **Assessment** ||
 * 37 || Primate evolutionary trends:
 * **38** || Primate evolutionary trends:
 * 39 || Primate evolutionary trends:
 * 40 || Primate evolutionary trends:
 * 41 || Hominin evolutionary trends:
 * 42 || Hominin evolutionary trends:
 * 43 || Hominin evolutionary trends:
 * ** Sem 2 ** || ** Syllabus reference ** || **Content** || **Text Ref** || **Activities** || **Assessment** ||
 * 44 || Hominin evolutionary trends:
 * 45 ||  || Response 4: Evolution and the environment ||   ||   || Response 4: Evolution and the environment ||
 * 46 || Interaction of evolutionary mechanisms and the environment:
 * 47 || Interaction of evolutionary mechanisms and the environment:
 * 48 || Interaction of evolutionary mechanisms and the environment:
 * 49 ||  || Test 6; Primate and Hominin evolutionary trends ||   ||   || Test 6; Primate and Hominin evolutionary trends ||
 * 50 ||  ||   ||   || Revision ||   ||
 * 51 ||  ||   ||   || Revision ||   ||
 * 52 ||  ||   ||   || Revision ||   ||